http://reposit.library.du.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/xmlui/handle/123456789/250 2026-04-07T01:56:25Z 2026-04-07T01:56:25Z Rumi, Rumana Rashid http://reposit.library.du.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/xmlui/handle/123456789/4707 2025-07-08T10:04:08Z 2025-07-08T00:00:00Z

Implementation Challenges of the National Women Development Policy 2011 in Bangladesh ” Rumi, Rumana Rashid The Women Development Policy of Bangladesh, introduced in 2011, represents a pivotal moment in the nation's commitment to advancing gender equality and women's empowerment. Grounded in recognition of women's integral role in societal progress and development, this policy sought to address a wide array of issues affecting women in Bangladesh. Although there have been sporadic and discrete initiatives on various development strategies involving women's development, none has speculated in the backdrop of NWDP 2011. With its specific objective of identifying the implementation challenges of NWDP 2011 in Bangladesh, this paper has shed light on the issue from primary sources. This study used a qualitative research method to meet research objectives effectively. Primary data was collected from Key Informant Interviews and Focus Group Discussions because it was imperative to understand the viewpoints of those who worked with women before and the opinions of women of different levels of society. A purposive sampling technique was applied to select participants with diverse perspectives and experiences related to the policy. As a result, 15 male and women's rights experts and advocates were selected for KIIs, and eight women were chosen for FGD. On the other hand, secondary data was collected by analyzing the papercutting of newspapers, relevant books and documents, papers of the policymaking, researching the judgments from the High Court and the laws, and presenting arguments about the WDP 2011 and current status of women in the society. 15 Implementation Challenges of the National Women Development Policy 2011 in Bangladesh This paper explored the challenges of the NWDP 2011 regarding Muslim religious laws, the progress made on women's development initiatives, and the significant instrumental and institutional obstacles hindering implementation. The analysis revealed both areas of potential alignment and contradictions between the NWDP and religious laws. While both emphasize women's well-being, interpretations of religious texts can sometimes limit women's opportunities. The status and progress of women's development initiatives under the NWDP showed positive advancements, particularly in education and health. However, significant challenges remain, including limited awareness, resource constraints, and the need for context-sensitive implementation strategies. Most importantly, proper monitoring and reporting are absent on the status of objectives and goals set by the NWDP 2011, which alone accounts for the biggest challenge in its implementation. The research confirmed the presence of substantial instrumental and institutional obstacles. Economic disparities ingrained social norms, and structural limitations within the government and social service sectors create hurdles to effective policy implementation. Implementing a uniform family code is urgent to ensure women’s inheritance and provide legal aid if they are offended. Moving forward, addressing these challenges requires a multi-pronged approach. Raising awareness at the grassroots level, strengthening institutional capacity, and ensuring resource allocation are all crucial. Additionally, considering local contexts and potential religious interpretations, a more nuanced approach can bridge the gap between policy and practice. By acknowledging these complexities and working 16 Implementation Challenges of the National Women Development Policy 2011 in Bangladesh towards solutions, Bangladesh can ensure that the NWDP empowers women and contributes to a more equitable future for all. This thesis is submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy.

2025-07-08T00:00:00Z Jasim, Al Mamun http://reposit.library.du.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/xmlui/handle/123456789/4106 2025-04-20T04:39:32Z 2025-04-20T00:00:00Z

Ethics in public policy making in the power sector in Bangladesh. Jasim, Al Mamun Ethics pays an important role in any public sector organization. The goal of this study is to deal with some ethical causes in the public administration, that aim the avoidance of negative phenomena as theft, corruption, etc. In this direction, the debates about ethics are becoming more and more a global tendency, as an implement through which would be found the way to get out of the crisis. In this direction, the State should strengthen and modernize the public service, should realize an employment system, which should reflect more the merits on its service. For this reason, the government’s attempts should be concentrated on the construction of a positive image for the state and its administration as professional objective, which is oriented to the public policy. Being aware for the practical restrictions of this study, we firstly chose to concentrate on the Administration ethics. The paper discusses the consequences of public service ethics and provides conceptual justifications, based on professional literature, for promoting and maintaining high ethical standards in the public sector especially in the power sector in Bangladesh. This report aims to extract comprehensive information regarding the unethical practices inside the civil service of Bangladesh. The primary objective of the study is to determine the specific tools that can effectively be utilized in public institutions to address particular ethical issues. This will be achieved by analyzing credible sources such as expert opinions and research studies that specifically focus on ethics in the public sector. This article has undergone a secondary qualitative data analysis, employing the retrospective interpretation approach to investigate previously unaddressed issues or gaps in the available dataset. The paper's conclusions indicate that corruption, conflicts of interest, favouritism, and nepotism are the consequences of unethical behavior. In contrast, values, morals, accountability, and transparency are the fundamental elements of the public service code of ethics and good governance in civil service The purpose of conducting and adhering to ethical principles is to develop guidelines for public officials and ensure their compliance with a fundamental set of norms in their daily conduct as 5 public servants. There is a global consensus on the significance of enhancing ethics and professionalism in public sector institutions in order to address and prevent corruption. These reforms are essential for safeguarding public resources, improving the performance of the public sector, and reinforcing the government's role in coordinating development and delivering essential services. Undoubtedly, there is a heightened recognition of the imperative for ethics and professionalism in contemporary public life. This paper analyze and assess the design, implementation, administration, and efficacy of the Code of Conduct and Ethics for the public service in Bangladesh, with a specific focus on its role in fostering ethical conduct within the power sector. In a rapidly developing country such as Bangladesh, establishing an ethical energy strategy is highly important due to energy being seen as a critical factor of production alongside labour and capital. Previous literature indicates the level of focus on the function of ethics. The purpose of this study is to integrate ethics with energy, economics, and environment to promote sustainable growth in the Bangladesh economy. The research finds that Power sector policy makers frequently face ethical dilemmas while creating energy policies, leading to uneven access to energy among the population of developing countries. This thesis is submitted for the degree of Master of Philosophy.

2025-04-20T00:00:00Z আক্তার, মারুফা http://reposit.library.du.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/xmlui/handle/123456789/3566 2025-02-05T06:42:29Z 2025-02-05T00:00:00Z

বাংলাদেশের ভূমি ব্যবস্থার বিবর্তন: একটি সমীক্ষা [The Evolution of Land Management System in Bangladesh:A Study] আক্তার, মারুফা ঢাকা বিশ্ববিদ্যালয় এমফিল ডিগ্রীর জন্য উপস্থাপিত অভিসন্দর্ভ।

2025-02-05T00:00:00Z Farhana, Riffat http://reposit.library.du.ac.bd:8080/xmlui/xmlui/handle/123456789/3440 2024-11-17T09:19:19Z 2024-11-17T00:00:00Z

Coordination between Service Providing Agencies in City Governance: Case of Dhaka South City Corporation Farhana, Riffat Background of the Study Dhaka is the seventh most densely populated and rapidly urbanized city in the world, most of the services provided for its citizens are administered by two city corporations, namely, Dhaka North City Corporation (DNCC) and Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC). As per the act, City Corporations are responsible for the construction, development, and maintenance of foot over bridges, reducing waterlogging, waste management, street cleaning, managing solid waste, public parks and playgrounds, preserving traditional places, disease and mosquito control, the establishment of city corporation schools and colleges, and ensuring access to utilities. However, many of these services are simultaneously facilitated by some other government organizations such as RAJUK, DWASA, TITAS Gas, BTCL, Roads and Highways, Dhaka Metropolitan Police, Dhaka Power Distribution Company, etc. which work under the jurisdiction of various ministries. The intra and inter-coordination among these agencies eventually becomes the indispensable prerequisite for effective service delivery and citizens’ satisfaction. The existence of the coordination mechanism and the gravity of its’ effectiveness are the issues of investigation in this study. In an effort to address coordination problems and challenges, this study has identified two very important services or activities that are performed by service-providing agencies under the supervision of City Corporation. In the absence of effective coordination between the City Corporation and service-providing agencies, these services would increase the suffering of the general people. This study investigates the role of the Dhaka South City Corporation (DSCC) in coordinating the service-providing agencies, to be precise, two activities namely, road-cutting activities and primary waste collection from the households. For this purpose, the role of the agencies or organizations that have been studied are DWASA, DPDC, DESCO, BTCL, and TITAS GAS, for road cutting study and Primary Collection Service Provider (PCSP) for waste collection. Objectives The objectives of the study are to evaluate the laws, regulations, and policies of service organizations to comprehend their roles and responsibilities; to look into the extent, type, and level of coordination between DSCC and other organizations; to look into what makes or breaks coordination with regard to development-related road-digging activities and primary waste collection; and to suggest ways to make coordination better. Methods Data were gathered using mixed methods of research which includes both secondary and primary sources of information. Secondary sources include acts and regulations of the DSCC and other service-providing organizations, technical reports, and other documents. Qualitative interviews were conducted with the representatives of the DSCC and other abovementioned service-providing agencies. In addition, a household survey was also carried out to determine the extent of the Coordination between Service Providing Agencies in City Governance: Case of Dhaka South City Corporation Page xi sufferings endured by the public as a result of the lack of coordination related to road cutting and waste collection activities, and whether general people are consulted by the city corporation or other agencies to improve the services. The "System Building Model" and "Follett's Principle of Coordination" are two theories that have been thoroughly examined in order to evaluate and pinpoint the variables that affect coordination. Major Findings Although DSCC is supposed to coordinate all the activities performed and services provided to the citizens of Dhaka South, it has been studied that DSCC in many cases fails to coordinate the activities of different service-providing agencies which causes sufferings to the inhabitants. For road-cutting activities, the implementing agency is supposed to create alternative roads or routes for the passersby and inform the local inhabitants about the project’s start and end date but around 85% of the respondents opined that they were never informed and consulted prior to the commencement of the project. Around 92% of the respondents believed that if they had been informed and consulted earlier, they would have made better preparation plans and had fewer hardships. It was challenging to ensure coordination among them because each agency's statute grants them ample freedom to work independently. It has been noted that dissimilar working methods obstruct efficient coordination processes. For example, DPDC uses new procedures, high-tech equipment, GIS-based mapping, etc. while other agencies that are involved in road cutting use traditional methods. In the majority of cases, however, coordination between the organizations is impossible due to the nature of the services they offer. For instance, because it is risky to work with water and electricity simultaneously, WASA and DPDC might not be able to coordinate their development-related digging efforts. Recently, the Integrated Dhaka City Master Plan was established to unify and coordinate the operations of various service-providing organizations. Although CC does send a letter to the service-providing agencies informing them of the development activities, it has been found that in the majority of cases, there is no involvement with DSCC during the planning and feasibility stage, and as a result, service-providing agencies do not uphold the standards and adhere to the DSCC master plan. Most of the road-cutting service agencies are funded by donor agencies through the Bangladesh Government, however, the date of one organization's financing does not correspond to the timetable of another, leading to a lack of coordination between the organizations. In the case of primary waste collection activities, around 88 percent of the 410 families surveyed had their domestic rubbish picked up by the third-party companies that the DSCC had given the authority. Among them, 83% of the families had no idea how those third parties came to be in charge of waste collection. Households claimed that waste wasn't regularly collected in about 24 percent of cases. More than 70% of residents did not know who to contact if the garbage collection vans from the City Corporation or a third-party service failed to show up to pick up trash. It was Coordination between Service Providing Agencies in City Governance: Case of Dhaka South City Corporation Page xii found that 121 of the 410 households polled knew who to complain to and had made at least one complaint. The bulk of respondents (41.32 percent) stated they registered complaints directly to the DSCC headquarters, while 21.49 percent said they filed complaints with the local city corporation office. Recently DSCC has employed several PCSPs through open tender to collect and dispose of wastage from households and other organizations with a fee of BDT 12 lacs each year by each PCSP, and upon meeting certain requirements, they are granted a license for one year. The synchronization between DSCC and PCSPs has improved in recent years. Moreover, monitoring and supervision have been upgraded at the field level. The PCSPs are not required to organize regular monthly meetings. If anyone lodges a complaint against PCSP, the City Corporation would convene it with the PCSP and ask them to find a solution with the assistance of the respective ward commissioner. According to a Waste Management Officer, no monthly coordination meetings among departments are mandatory and this study also found that, although there is provision, PCSPs in every zone do not provide monthly or annual reports to the DSCC, which discourages ongoing cooperation and hinders the implementation of waste management strategy. A substantial majority of the household respondents were found to be unhappy with the cost, employee behavior, and timeliness of waste collection. The overwhelming majority of families thought that public participation in recruiting or renewal of PCSPs, determination of time of service, and service fees would be very advantageous. This Dissertation is submitted to the Faculty of social sciences, University of Dhaka as Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Master of Philosophy (M.Phil.) in Public Administration.

2024-11-17T00:00:00Z